Laser Treatments in Dermatology: Benefits, Risks & What to Expect

Laser technology has revolutionised dermatology, offering precise, effective solutions for a wide range of skin concerns — from acne scars and pigmentation to hair removal and skin rejuvenation. Here's everything you need to know about laser treatments.

How Do Lasers Work on Skin?

Lasers emit concentrated beams of light at specific wavelengths. Different wavelengths target different skin components — melanin (pigment), haemoglobin (blood vessels), or water in skin cells. This principle of selective photothermolysis allows lasers to treat specific concerns without damaging surrounding tissue.

Common Types of Dermatology Lasers

Ablative Lasers

These lasers remove thin layers of skin to stimulate new skin growth and collagen production.

• CO2 Laser: Most powerful; excellent for deep scars, wrinkles, and skin resurfacing. Longer downtime (1–2 weeks)
• Erbium:YAG Laser: More precise with less thermal damage; suitable for moderate surface issues with shorter recovery

Non-Ablative Lasers

These heat the underlying skin tissue without removing the surface, stimulating collagen from within.

• Nd:YAG (1064nm): Penetrates deep; used for vascular lesions, deep pigmentation, and laser toning for melasma
• Diode Laser (810nm): The gold standard for laser hair removal; effective on most skin types

Fractional Lasers

Create microscopic treatment zones while leaving surrounding tissue intact, allowing faster healing.

• Fractional CO2: For acne scars, surgical scars, stretch marks, and pore reduction
• Fractional Erbium: Gentler option for mild to moderate scarring and fine lines

Q-Switched Lasers

Deliver energy in ultra-short pulses to shatter pigment particles without thermal damage.

• Q-Switched Nd:YAG: For tattoo removal, dark spots, freckles, and melasma toning

What Conditions Can Lasers Treat?

• Acne scars and surgical scars
• Pigmentation (melasma, sun spots, age spots)
• Unwanted hair growth
• Fine lines and wrinkles
• Enlarged pores
• Spider veins and broken capillaries
• Warts and skin tags
• Tattoo removal
• Stretch marks

What to Expect During a Laser Session

1. Consultation: Your dermatologist assesses your skin type, concern, and suitability for laser treatment
2. Preparation: Numbing cream may be applied 30–45 minutes before the procedure
3. Treatment: The laser is applied to the target area. You may feel a mild stinging or warm sensation
4. Duration: 15–60 minutes depending on the area and type of treatment
5. Aftercare: Cooling gel, sunscreen, and specific aftercare instructions are provided

Possible Risks and Side Effects

• Redness and swelling: Normal; subsides within hours to a few days
• Pigmentation changes: Temporary darkening (post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation) or lightening, especially in darker skin tones
• Crusting or scabbing: Common with ablative lasers; heals within 7–14 days
• Infection: Rare when proper aftercare is followed
• Scarring: Extremely rare with experienced practitioners

Post-Treatment Care

• Apply prescribed soothing creams and avoid touching the treated area
• Strict sun avoidance and SPF 50+ sunscreen for at least 4–6 weeks
• Avoid harsh actives (retinol, AHA, BHA) for 1–2 weeks
• Keep the skin moisturised and hydrated
• Attend follow-up appointments as scheduled

How Many Sessions Are Needed?

This varies by condition: laser hair removal typically needs 6–8 sessions, acne scar treatment 3–5 sessions, pigmentation 3–6 sessions, and skin rejuvenation 2–4 sessions. Sessions are usually spaced 3–6 weeks apart.