Dandruff: Causes, Types and How to Get Rid of It

Dandruff is one of the most common scalp complaints — and one of the most misunderstood. Those white flakes and that persistent itch are usually not about a 'dry scalp' at all, and treating it correctly starts with knowing the real cause.

What Causes Dandruff?

• Malassezia, a yeast that lives on the scalp and, in excess, irritates the skin.
• Excess oil on the scalp, which feeds the yeast.
• Seborrheic dermatitis, an inflammatory condition causing greasy, flaky patches.
• Sensitivity to hair products or infrequent washing.

Dandruff vs Dry Scalp

They are often confused. A dry scalp produces small, dry flakes with a feeling of tightness, and usually improves with moisture. Dandruff tends to produce larger, oilier flakes with itching and sometimes redness. Because the treatments differ, getting the diagnosis right matters.

Does Dandruff Cause Hair Fall?

Dandruff itself doesn't directly cause permanent hair loss, but a severely itchy, inflamed scalp — and the scratching that comes with it — can worsen hair shedding. Treating the scalp often reduces this related hair fall.

How to Treat Dandruff Effectively

• Use a medicated anti-dandruff shampoo with the right active ingredient for your scalp.
• Wash hair regularly to control oil build-up.
• Treat underlying seborrheic dermatitis or scalp psoriasis if present.
• See a dermatologist for persistent, recurring or severe dandruff.

Frequently Asked Questions